If the admin levels are to be revised wholesale, this is what I think the schema should look like:

place=province (there are 5 in Turkmenistan, though some folks INSIST on including Ashgabat because it has the legal privileges of a province), admin_level=4

place=provincial district (has a governor), admin_level=5

place=city, admin_level=6

place=town, admin_level=7

place=Rural Councils and Municipal Boroughs with mayors, Villages, admin_level=8

place=Neighborhoods, Hamlets, Municipal Districts, admin_level=9

place=Subdistricts (what in Russian are called микрорайон), admin_level=10

Please also take Aleksandar's advice and revert your edits until the community has weighed in on this. I really think you are making things too complex and should try the schema I proposed.

Saamat, please start a conversation in the community forum about this. You already have my opinion as I expressed to you by OSM internal mail, osm.org/messages/1320527. Please go to community.openstreetmap.org and start a conversation thread to discuss this.

No Akdaş geňeşligi is attested in Balkan welaýat, nor is a village named Garaşsyzlyk. Please see osm.wiki/Districts_in_Turkmenistan#Balkan_wela%C3%BDaty

Where is the spelling "Babaarap" attested?

There are no ranks in the OSM movement. If you think you can improve the map by adding or updating tags, then just do it! That said, I chose those tags because the hippodromes in TKM are not only for racing. People go there to ride, for riding lessons, and sometimes just to admire the horses. Take a look at osm.wiki/Riding. The hippodromes are multipurpose so more tags are probably better.

I can live with adding the place=city tag if that will settle the matter. I still argue that this leaves some confusion (admin_level=4 implies that Ashgabat is a province even though it is not) and would be happier if the admin_level=4 relation were deleted, but suspect that would eventually lead to someone else adding it back anyway. So please add place=city and let's leave it at that.

Koreller, "equivalent to" does not mean "the same as". Ashgabat is a city, not a province.

I refer you to osm.wiki/Turkmenistan_Geoname_Changes, osm.wiki/Districts_in_Turkmenistan, and osm.wiki/Turkmenistan#Administrative_Subdivisions. These articles are based on information I collected during my tour of duty as a diplomat in Turkmenistan.

Ashgabat has had its own administrative boundary and has been separate from Ahal welaýat since 1992. The capital of Ahal prior to Arkadag was Änew. But that is irrelevant. The relevant fact is that Ashgabat is "equivalent to" a province (i.e., has legal status equal to the legal status of a province) but is not a province and thus should not have a boundary line tagged "admin_level=4". I can say that ibuprofen is equivalent to acetaminophen in terms of pain reduction, but that does not make ibuprofen into acetaminophen. By the same token, saying Ashgabat has legal status equivalent to that of a province does not make Ashgabat a province. Please correct this error.

Ashgabat is not a province. It has the legal rights of a province, but by law is categorized as a city. This relation at admin_level=4 is incorrect and should be deleted. Turkmenistan has five provinces and Ashgabat is not one of them.

Perhaps the wiki needs to be corrected, since a border is a specific type of boundary, and both are by definition and in reality lines, not areas.

Well, that's interesting when you consider that according to the Cambridge Dictionary, a boundary is "a line that divides two areas or forms an edge around an area:
The mountains mark the boundary between the two countries." https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/learner-english/boundary

David, greetings,
Boundaries by definition are lines and not areas. I ask that you not remove the tags.
cheers,
apm

What is the point of adding labeled junctions like this?

Please stop removing addr:city and addr:district tags from villages in Turkmenistan. The reason they are needed is to differentiate among villages with the same names across multiple districts (etrap) and rural councils (geňeş). Please see the wiki article osm.wiki/Turkmenistan#Note_on_Villages

That is incorrect. The country itself is admin_level=2. As a city, Ashgabat should be admin_level=8. See boundary=administrative#Country_specific_values_%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8Bof_the_key_admin_level=*

Karizek etraby is part of the city of Arkadag. Please also see boundary=administrative#Country_specific_values_%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8Bof_the_key_admin_level=* for use of the admin_level tag in Turkmenistan.

Odd that key:place cannot be used with lines, since the definition on the wiki page includes this: "Defines the center or outline of a named place". An outline is a line.

Ah, the errant node has been corrected. That was a mistake.